LDAP: Difference between revisions

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For use with [[Spacenet]] we've installed OpenLDAP on [[NURDServer]]. On the new [[NURDserver_v2|Nurdserver v2]] we're going serious with LDAP.
{{Outdated}}
{{Project
|Name=LDAP
|Skills=Linux, OpenLDAP, FreeRadius,
|Status=Finished
|Niche=Software
|Purpose=Infrastructure
|Tool=Yes
}}
= Status =


= Working implementations on Nurdserver v1 (nurdserver) =
= Adding a new member =
* Samba on [[NURDServer]]
There's a guide [[Adding_a_new_member_to_the_ldap|here]] explaining the steps for adding a new member to the LDAP.
* vsFTPd on [[NURDServer]]
= Connected machines and services =


= Working implementations on Nurdserver v2 (nurdservices) =
== Workstations ==
* NFS export for homedirs
* [[Spacenet]]
 
= Connected workstations =
* [[Hp_dc5800_sinterklaas|Sinterklaas]]
* [[Hp_dc5800_sinterklaas|Sinterklaas]]
* [[Dell_Optiplex_GX270|Vjdeb]]
* [[Dell_Optiplex_GX270|Vjdeb]]
* [[PrinterPC]]
* [[PrinterPC]]
* [[NURDserver_v2#nurdservices|Nurdservices]]
* [[Sun_Ultra_1|plankton]]
* [[BPM_Studio_Jukebox|BPM_Studio_Jukebox (all-in-one hark)]]
 
The workstations listed above are set up as follows:
* Homedirs mounted over NFS from [[dumpster-a]] (except user 'printer' on [[PrinterPC]])
* Users in the LDAP 'sudo' group can sudo.
* Homedirs are created on the NFS-export when adding a user to LDAP ([http://documentation.fusiondirectory.org/en/documentation_faq/command_after like this])
 
=== Setting up other workstations in this way ===
To get this to work you need to:
* create all local users in LDAP and then delete local users (else UIDs/GIDs get confusing)
* move homedirs to nurdservices (fix ownership because LDAP-users have a different UID) then delete local homedirs
* put https://www.sslcertificaten.nl/files/PositiveSSLCA2.crt in /etc/ssl/certs/ with permissions 644
*insert into /etc/fstab:
<code>dumpster-a.nurdspace.lan:/vol/home  /home  nfs  rw,auto,exec,vers=3  0  0</code>
* install nfs client stuff:
<code>apt-get install rpcbind nfs-common</code>
* install [http://wiki.debian.org/LDAP/NSS#NSS_Setup_with_libnss-ldapd libnss-ldapd] (see below for settings asked during installation, in the selection list check passwd, group and shadow)
* install nslcd and libpam-ldapd (see below for settings asked during installation)
* /etc/nslcd.conf should mention at least the following:
uri ldaps://ldap.nurdspace.nl/
base dc=nurdspace,dc=lan
binddn cn=read-user,ou=systems,dc=nurdspace,dc=lan
bindpw (obtain from other machine)
ssl on
tls_reqcert demand
tls_cacertfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
* configure /etc/nsswitch.conf:
passwd:    files ldap
group:    files ldap
shadow:    files ldap
* restart nslcd
* restart nscd
 


= Status =
* check if ldap users are listed when you run "getent passwd"
[http://fusiondirectory.org FusionDirectory] is running on [[NURDServices]] on the [[Proxmox2]]. Most users are migrated.
* sudo might not work until you type 'id' which is [http://wiki.debian.org/LDAP/PAM kind of a mystery]
 
Useful reading: http://www.debian-administration.org/article/OpenLDAP_installation_on_Debian
 
In certain cases sudo can break. This can be fixed with [http://osdir.com/ml/general/2013-01/msg44182.html a patch] while it's not fixed properly.
 
== VM's ==
* [[NURDServices]] (only users in group "admins" can log in)
* [[Egg]] (a VM for all members to irssi or other processes)
 
== ldap.nurdspace.nl ==
Slapd and [http://fusiondirectory.org FusionDirectory] are running on [[NURDServices]]. FusionDirectory's web interface can be accessed on https://ldap.nurdspace.nl.
 
== Wiki ==
Authentication on this wiki is done via SAML. Zarya needs to document this.
 
=== Limitations ===
* The mediawiki login system converts the first character of usernames to uppercase due to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)#Restrictions_on_usernames restrictions on usernames]. To get around this we've enabled [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:LDAP_Authentication/Changelog#v2.0a $wgLDAPLowercaseUsernameScheme]. This requires usernames to be all lowercase in the LDAP.
* Users are maintained through the LDAP, so creating a user on the Wiki is no longer possible. It could be enabled, but that would require adding a user with write-access in the LDAP. That seems a little scary for now. It would however offer the possibility of changing your LDAP password through the Wiki.
 
== Wifi (Spacenet) ==
The LDAP serves as a userdb for [[Spacenet]], which is connected via FreeRADIUS. For full details see the [[Spacenet]]-page. Only users in group "spacenet" can log in.
 
== DHCP ==
See the [[Network|network page]].
 
= Future plans =
The most important machines and services are now hooked up to the LDAP. However, there's always room for more.
 
== More groups for different purposes ==
We should create more groups for specific purposes, such as:
* Workstation users (now only sudo'ers are treated separately)
* Separate group per workstation? Or some sort of hierarchy of groups, so members need only be in 1 group?
* <s>Spacenet users</s> done
 
== (Un)locking the front door ==
See [[Spacelock]].


It can be accessed on [https://ldap.nurdspace.nl].
== Member registration ==
Currently the users in group "members" are maintained by hand. A little more automation would be appropriate. Hooking it up to actual money transactions might be far-fetched, but maybe something else is possible.


On [[Hp_dc5800_sinterklaas|Sinterklaas]], [[Dell_Optiplex_GX270|Vjdeb]] and the [[PrinterPC]] I've got it to work as I think it should be for the local users that existed:
== E-mail and contacts services ==
* Homedirs moved to nfs mount from [[NURDServices]] (soon to be migrated to [[Proxmox1]])
We could install Zimbra or Zarafa, or maybe some smaller services to provide e-mail accounts, mailinglist functionality and maybe a CardDAV services for members.
* Local homedirs and users deleted (except user 'printer' on [[PrinterPC]])
* /home/ is mounted over nfs on boot
* LDAP users can log in and see their homedirs as if nothing has changed
* Users in the LDAP 'sudo' group can sudo on connected workstations.
* Homedir is created on NFS-export when adding a user to LDAP ([http://documentation.fusiondirectory.org/en/documentation_faq/command_after like this])


= Setting up other workstations in this way =
== Make use of more of FusionDirectory's features ==
To get this to work you need to:
FusionDirectory has [http://documentation.fusiondirectory.org/en/documentation/available_plugins features/plugins] for applications, mime-types, workstations, object groups, public key authentication. Maybe some of these could be useful?
* create all local users in LDAP (if they don't exist already)
* Systems plugin installed and working, so we can now list all systems (workstations, servers) in the LDAP
* move homedirs to nurdservices (fix ownership because LDAP-users have a different UID)
* Wake-on-lan not working yet, probably due to a bug in Argonaut. The server- and client-services see eachother but wake-on-lan commands don't come through and you get an error in the web interface:
* delete local users (optional)
Communication failure with the infrastructure service:
* delete local homedirs
Error: Request error: No client module can handle action Deployment.wake for target 00:0d:56:06:b6:26
* install [http://wiki.debian.org/LDAP/NSS#NSS_Setup_with_libnss-ldapd libnss-ldapd] and libpam-ldap (ldaps://ldap.nurdspace.nl/)
* Maybe maintain the internal DNS with [http://documentation.fusiondirectory.org/en/documentation/plugin/dns_plugin/how_to_setup_dns_plugin_1.0.5 this plugin]?
* config the binddn (read-user) in nslcd.conf (this is needed to look up the cn based on the UID the user inputs)
* The DHCP feature sucks, so it's been rolled back.
* mount /home from nurdservices over nfs
* restart nslcd and nscd
* if sudo doesn't work until you type 'id': lower the minimum_uid to 100 instead of the original 1000 in /etc/pam.d/common-* (why this works is [http://wiki.debian.org/LDAP/PAM kind of a mystery])


Also useful: http://www.debian-administration.org/article/OpenLDAP_installation_on_Debian#NSS_configuration
== Wiki ==
* Members page filled based on LDAP group 'members'.


= To do=
== Misc ==
* Read http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin24/slapdconf2.html
* Investigate possibility of moving to a different database back-end ([http://www.openldap.org/faq/data/cache/978.html back-sql])
* <s>FTPd</s> nevermind
* <s>Samba</s> nevermind
* <s>Cert installed for ldap.nurdspace.nl. Allow access only over TLS as soon as this works (ldapsearch -v -H ldaps://ldap.nurdspace.nl/ -D uid=fwd,ou=people,dc=nurdspace,dc=lan -W -b dc=nurdspace,dc=lan) => basically this works, except I don't know what to set for olcTLSCipherSuite.</s>
* <s>Fix "nurdservices slapd[32524]: <= bdb_equality_candidates: (uid) not indexed" errors in /var/log/syslog</s>
* Connect machines to LDAP over ldap<b>s</b> instead of ldap.
* Exclude weak ciphers from olcTLSCipherSuite in cn=config
* Exclude weak ciphers from olcTLSCipherSuite in cn=config
* Setting "change password on first login" in FusionDirectory doesn't get enforced through PAM
* Setting "change password on first login" in FusionDirectory doesn't get enforced through PAM
* <s>Migrate all local users on [[Infra]] machines to LDAP</s>
* Upgrade FusionDirectory from 1.0.5 to [http://fusiondirectory.org/basic/press#fd-1.0.6 1.0.6]
* Migrate all homedirs to [[NURDServices]] (moving to [[Proxmox1]]
* Maintain [http://nurdspace.nl/Category:Members Members] page from LDAP ([http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:External_Data#.23get_ldap_data_-_retrieve_data_from_LDAP_directory Like so], but this only displays 1 entry. Could be fixed [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension_talk:External_Data/Archive_2012#.23for_external_table_support_for_.23get_ldap_data like so].)
* Migrate [[wiki]] users and merge them with other users
* Check if the passwordmailer on FusionDirectory works
* Use LDAP as userdb back-end for [[wiki]] ([http://ryandlane.com/wprdl/2009/03/23/using-the-ldap-authentication-plugin-for-mediawiki-the-basics-part-1/ like so])
* Check out [http://www.lichteblau.com/ldapvi/manual/ ldapvi]
* Add all relevant fields of Wiki users to LDAP profiles
* Maintain [http://nurdspace.nl/Category:Members Members] page from LDAP ([http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:External_Data#.23get_ldap_data_-_retrieve_data_from_LDAP_directory Like so], but this has limitations. Maybe only members details pages?)
* Maintain sudo'ers only through the LDAP and disable local root accounts (backdoor in case of emergency?)
* Disable all relevant services on Nurdserver v1

Latest revision as of 13:56, 1 February 2020

Outdated IMPORTANT: The content of this section is outdated. Please update this section if you can. If you have checked or updated this section and found the content to be suitable, please remove this notice.
LDAP
NoPicture.png
Participants Fwd
Skills Linux, OpenLDAP, FreeRadius
Status Finished
Niche Software
Purpose Infrastructure
Tool Yes
Location
Cost
Tool category

LDAP Property "Tool Image" (as page type) with input value "File:{{{Picture}}}" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process. {{{Picture}}} {{#if:Yes | [[Tool Owner::{{{ProjectParticipants}}} | }} {{#if:Yes | [[Tool Cost::{{{Cost}}} | }}

Status

Adding a new member

There's a guide here explaining the steps for adding a new member to the LDAP.

Connected machines and services

Workstations

The workstations listed above are set up as follows:

  • Homedirs mounted over NFS from dumpster-a (except user 'printer' on PrinterPC)
  • Users in the LDAP 'sudo' group can sudo.
  • Homedirs are created on the NFS-export when adding a user to LDAP (like this)

Setting up other workstations in this way

To get this to work you need to:

  • create all local users in LDAP and then delete local users (else UIDs/GIDs get confusing)
  • move homedirs to nurdservices (fix ownership because LDAP-users have a different UID) then delete local homedirs
  • put https://www.sslcertificaten.nl/files/PositiveSSLCA2.crt in /etc/ssl/certs/ with permissions 644
  • insert into /etc/fstab:

dumpster-a.nurdspace.lan:/vol/home /home nfs rw,auto,exec,vers=3 0 0

  • install nfs client stuff:

apt-get install rpcbind nfs-common

  • install libnss-ldapd (see below for settings asked during installation, in the selection list check passwd, group and shadow)
  • install nslcd and libpam-ldapd (see below for settings asked during installation)
  • /etc/nslcd.conf should mention at least the following:
uri ldaps://ldap.nurdspace.nl/
base dc=nurdspace,dc=lan
binddn cn=read-user,ou=systems,dc=nurdspace,dc=lan
bindpw (obtain from other machine)
ssl on
tls_reqcert demand
tls_cacertfile /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
  • configure /etc/nsswitch.conf:
passwd:    files ldap
group:    files ldap
shadow:    files ldap
  • restart nslcd
  • restart nscd


  • check if ldap users are listed when you run "getent passwd"
  • sudo might not work until you type 'id' which is kind of a mystery

Useful reading: http://www.debian-administration.org/article/OpenLDAP_installation_on_Debian

In certain cases sudo can break. This can be fixed with a patch while it's not fixed properly.

VM's

  • NURDServices (only users in group "admins" can log in)
  • Egg (a VM for all members to irssi or other processes)

ldap.nurdspace.nl

Slapd and FusionDirectory are running on NURDServices. FusionDirectory's web interface can be accessed on https://ldap.nurdspace.nl.

Wiki

Authentication on this wiki is done via SAML. Zarya needs to document this.

Limitations

  • The mediawiki login system converts the first character of usernames to uppercase due to restrictions on usernames. To get around this we've enabled $wgLDAPLowercaseUsernameScheme. This requires usernames to be all lowercase in the LDAP.
  • Users are maintained through the LDAP, so creating a user on the Wiki is no longer possible. It could be enabled, but that would require adding a user with write-access in the LDAP. That seems a little scary for now. It would however offer the possibility of changing your LDAP password through the Wiki.

Wifi (Spacenet)

The LDAP serves as a userdb for Spacenet, which is connected via FreeRADIUS. For full details see the Spacenet-page. Only users in group "spacenet" can log in.

DHCP

See the network page.

Future plans

The most important machines and services are now hooked up to the LDAP. However, there's always room for more.

More groups for different purposes

We should create more groups for specific purposes, such as:

  • Workstation users (now only sudo'ers are treated separately)
  • Separate group per workstation? Or some sort of hierarchy of groups, so members need only be in 1 group?
  • Spacenet users done

(Un)locking the front door

See Spacelock.

Member registration

Currently the users in group "members" are maintained by hand. A little more automation would be appropriate. Hooking it up to actual money transactions might be far-fetched, but maybe something else is possible.

E-mail and contacts services

We could install Zimbra or Zarafa, or maybe some smaller services to provide e-mail accounts, mailinglist functionality and maybe a CardDAV services for members.

Make use of more of FusionDirectory's features

FusionDirectory has features/plugins for applications, mime-types, workstations, object groups, public key authentication. Maybe some of these could be useful?

  • Systems plugin installed and working, so we can now list all systems (workstations, servers) in the LDAP
  • Wake-on-lan not working yet, probably due to a bug in Argonaut. The server- and client-services see eachother but wake-on-lan commands don't come through and you get an error in the web interface:
Communication failure with the infrastructure service: 
Error: Request error: No client module can handle action Deployment.wake for target 00:0d:56:06:b6:26 
  • Maybe maintain the internal DNS with this plugin?
  • The DHCP feature sucks, so it's been rolled back.

Wiki

  • Members page filled based on LDAP group 'members'.

Misc

  • Investigate possibility of moving to a different database back-end (back-sql)
  • Exclude weak ciphers from olcTLSCipherSuite in cn=config
  • Setting "change password on first login" in FusionDirectory doesn't get enforced through PAM
  • Upgrade FusionDirectory from 1.0.5 to 1.0.6
  • Maintain Members page from LDAP (Like so, but this only displays 1 entry. Could be fixed like so.)
  • Check if the passwordmailer on FusionDirectory works
  • Check out ldapvi